name	San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
location map	USA California
location map width	150
location map text	Location of San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station in California
country	United States
locale	San Diego County, California
lat d	33
lat m	22
lat s	8
lat ns	N
long d	117
long m	33
long s	18
long ew	W
coordinates type	region:US-CA_type:landmark
coordinates display	title
operator	Southern California Edison
commissioned	Unit 1: January 1, 1968 Unit 2: August 8, 1983 Unit 3: April 1, 1984
decommissioned	Unit 1: November 30, 1992
reactor supplier	Westinghouse (Unit 1) Combustion Engineering (Units 2 & 3)
reactor type	pressurized water reactor
reactors operate mw	1 x 1172 MW1 x 1178 MW
installed capacity
status	shutdown for repairs
architect	Bechtel Power Corporation
licence expires	Unit 2: February 16, 2022 Unit 3: November 15, 2022
nrc region	Region 4
website
as of	2012 }}

The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) is a nuclear power plant located on the Pacific coast of California, in the northwestern corner of San Diego County, south of San Clemente. The site is surrounded by the San Onofre State Park and sits next to the I-5 Highway. The landmark spherical containment buildings around the reactors are designed to prevent unexpected releases of radiation. The closest tectonic fault line is the Cristianitos fault, which is considered inactive. The plant has been the site of many protests by anti-nuclear groups.

The facility is operated by Southern California Edison. Edison International, parent of SCE, holds 78.2% ownership in the plant; San Diego Gas & Electric Company, 20%; and the City of Riverside Utilities Department, 1.8%. The plant employs over 2000 people. The plant is located in Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region IV.

The plant's two reactors (Units 2 and 3) have been shut down since January 2012 due to premature wear found on tubes in massive steam generators which apparently contributed to the accidental release of a small amount of radioactive steam.

Reactors

Unit 1, a first generation Westinghouse pressurized water reactor that operated for 25 years, closed permanently in 1992, and has been dismantled and is used as a storage site for spent fuel. It had a spherical containment of concrete and steel with the smallest wall being thick. Units 2 and 3, Combustion Engineering pressurized water reactors, continue generate 1,172 MWe and 1,178 MWe respectively.

2012 shutdown

Unit 2 shut in early January 2012 for refueling and replacement of the reactor vessel head.

Both reactors at San Onofre have been shut since January 2012 due to premature wear found on tubes in massive steam generators installed in 2010 and 2011. Plant officials have pledged not to restart the units until the cause of the tube leak and tube degradation are understood, and the units are expected to be offline during the summer.

In March 2012, former nuclear power executive Arnold Gundersen of Fairewinds Associates, prepared a report that argued that "design modifications in the newly installed steam generators, such as different alloy for the tubes, led to problems at the plant". In April 2012, in a sign of mounting concern over the shutdown, the top U.S. nuclear official, Gregory Jaczko, toured the facility with Senator Dianne Feinstein, a Democrat, and U.S. Representative Darrell Issa, a Republican.

The station had had technical problems prior to those of 2012. For instance, as the July 12, 1982 edition of Time states, "The firm Bechtel was...embarrassed in 1977, when it installed a 420-ton nuclear-reactor vessel backwards" at San Onofre.

Safety culture

According to the NRC, workers at San Onofre are "afraid they will be retaliated against if they bring up safety problems, something that's against the rules". As of 2011, there has been progress on the issue, says the NRC, but there is still more work to do. So far, the problems have not threatened the safety of plant workers or the public. San Clemente Green is an environmental group opposed to the continued operation of the San Onofre nuclear plant.

Environmental risk and mitigation

Southern California Edison states the station was "built to withstand a 7.0 magnitude earthquake directly under the plant".

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at San Onofre was 1 in 58,824, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.

Unlike many pressurized water reactors, but like some other seaside facilities in Southern California, the San Onofre plant uses seawater for cooling, and thus lacks the iconic large cooling towers typically associated with nuclear generating stations. However, changes to water-use regulations may require construction of such cooling towers in the future to avoid further direct use of seawater. Limited available land next to SONGS would likely require towers to be built on the opposite side of the Interstate 5 highway.

Anti-nuclear protests

On June 22, 1980, about 15,000 people attended a protest near San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station.

On March 11, 2012, activists protested the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station to mark the one-year anniversary of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Over 200 people rallied in San Onofre State Beach to listen to several speakers, including two Japanese residents who lived through the Fukushima meltdowns. ''Residents Organizing for Safe Environment (ROSE),'' ''Citizens' Oversight Projects (COPs)'' and ''Peace Resource Center of San Diego'' sponsored the event and dozens of other anti-nuclear energy organizations and other activist groups endorsed and participated in the event. Bus transportation was arranged by organizers for over 100 activists from San Diego. Raymond Lutz served as master of ceremonies at the event. Though local leaders and industry officials say that a disaster like Fukushima is unlikely at San Onofre, the activists point to the plant’s safety record, earthquake risk, location on the coast quite similar to that in Japan, and the fact that as of March 2012, San Onofre’s reactors were "off-line due to leaks and wear and tear to the generator tubes. Speakers at the event said they would like for the generators to remain off". The shutdown in 2012 was not due to an earthquake or tsunami but instead apparently due to poor design of the replacement steam generators that included many design changes and were not reviewed by the Nuclear Regulator Commission.

In popular culture

In the James W. Huston novel, ''Fallout'', Pakistani Air Force Pilots attempt to bomb San Onofre using stolen California Air National Guard F-16s. In the James Bond novel ''License Renewed'' by John Gardner, it was one of six nuclear power stations in the terrorist/blackmail plot "Meltdown" planned by The Laird of Murcaldy, Anton Murik. In the science fiction novel ''Timescape'', by Gregory Benford, the nuclear plants at San Onofre raised the water temperature along the adjacent coast, which stimulated aquatic life.

The generating station was also featured in the 1983 documentary film ''Koyaanisqatsi'' and the 1988 comedy film ''The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!''. It was featured as the first landmark in the San Diego level of the 1998 video game California Speed.

In the 2011 TV series The Event, the fuel rods were removed from San Onofre to thwart the aliens' plan to steal the uranium to build a transportation array.

In the role-playing game Shadowrun, San Onofre was destroyed by an earthquake in the year 2028 and sealed similarly to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.

Surrounding population

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: 1) a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of , concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and 2) an ingestion pathway zone of about , concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.

The 2010 U.S. population within of San Onofre was 92,687, an increase of 50.0 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within was 8,460,508, an increase of 14.9 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include San Diego (45 miles to city center).

See also

Diablo Canyon Power Plant

Anti-nuclear movement in California

Integral Fast Reactor

References

External links

SCE SONGS webpage

Edison SONGS webpage

Why Domes at San Onofre from ''North County Times''

So. Calif. nuclear plant worker faked fire checks

Decommission San Onofre Fukushima USA

Category:Buildings and structures in San Diego County, California Category:Energy resource facilities in California Category:Domes Category:Nuclear power plants in California Category:Nuclear power stations using pressurized water reactors Category:Public policy and citizen participation in California Category:Anti-nuclear protests

de:Kernkraftwerk San Onofre es:Central nuclear San Onofre fr:Centrale nucléaire de San Onofre no:San Onofre kjernekraftverk simple:San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station

Name	Rita Ora
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Rita Sahatçiu Ora
Born	November 26, 1990 Pristina, SFR Yugoslavia (present day Kosovo)
Origin	West London, England, UK.
Instrument	Dramatic Mezzo-Soprano
Genre	R&B, pop, soul , smooth jazz
Occupation	Singer, songwriter, actress
Years active	2004–present
Label	Roc Nation
Website
Notable instruments	}}

Rita Sahatçiu Ora (born November 26, 1990), known as Rita Ora, is a British singer, songwriter, and actress. In 2009, she appeared on the BBC's ''Eurovision: Your Country Needs You'' where she auditioned to be the British contestant for the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest. Later in 2009 she signed to Roc Nation. She is of Kosovar Albanian ethnicity.

Biography

Early life and career beginnings

Rita Ora was born in Pristina, SFR Yugoslavia (now Kosovo) and moved to the United Kingdom the same year of her birth. She grew up in West London and attended St Cuthbert with St Matthias CE Primary School in Earls Court, following which she graduated from Sylvia Young Theatre School and then St Charles Catholic Sixth Form College. She began singing from a young age. In 2004, she appeared in the British film ''Spivs''. She auditioned for ''Eurovision: Your Country Needs You'' on BBC One to be the British contestant for the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest but later withdrew from the competition after a few episodes as she did not feel ready.

In 2007, Ora had her first music release when she appeared on Craig David's track entitled "Awkward" and then again in 2008 on "Where's Your Love" featuring Tinchy Stryder, for which she also appears in the music video. Ora began singing in bars in and around London, and in 2009 a A&R told Roc Nation about Ora, a few days after Ora flew out to New York and met Jay Z. In 2009, Ora made a cameo on Jay-Z's video for "Young Forever" and Over by Drake. Ora caught the attention of Jay-Z and he quietly signed her to Roc Nation, in which she was featured in a commercial for Roc Nation + Skullcandy Aviator Headphones. She has been predicted as a Future Star by This Must Be Pop.

2011–present: debut album

Throughout 2011, Ora released viral videos of herself working on her debut album.

On December 14, 2011 DJ Fresh and Ora released "Hot Right Now" on YouTube. The video has had over 20,000,000 views.

On February 24, 2012, Ora visited New York's Z100 radio station alongside her Roc Nation label boss Jay-Z, to premiere "How We Do (Party)", her debut single and the lead single from her upcoming studio album. "How We Do (Party)" borrows its familiar refrain from The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Party and Bullshit".

She has been recording her first studio album for two years. Will.I.Am, Ester Dean, Drake, The-Dream, Kanye West and Stargate are all working with Ora on her debut album.

When speaking about the sound of the album and its concept, Ora said it "definitely has pop in it, but (...) you can hear influences of jazz in there, you can hear influences of Monica and Aaliyah, and then you can hear Gwen Stefani.”

In another interview, Ora confirmed the tracks "Roc the Life" and "Love at War" to be featured on her debut album.

"R.I.P." featuring Tinie Tempah will be released as her first UK single on May 6, 2012. "R.I.P" was written by Drake and produced by Chase & Status. The video was recorded in Hackney, East London, and released on April 4, 2012.

Artistry

Influences

Ora credits Gwen Stefani as her idol and biggest influence, saying in an interview “Do you know how much I love that woman? I love everything about her." Ora has also named Beyoncé as a major influence and a mentor, in addition to talking about her admiration at being able to have one of her idols, Beyoncé, give her feedback on her debut album. Her other musical influences include Aaliyah, India Arie, Christina Aguilera, Brandy, Monica, Madonna, Tina Turner, Aretha Franklin, Ella Fitzgerald, Etta James, Celine Dion, Bruce Springsteen, David Bowie, Vybz Kartel and Sade. Ora has mentioned her admiration for Rita Hayworth as an early inspiration for wanting to pursue an acting career.

For fashion inspirations, Ora also cites Gwen Stefani as her most influential style icon. In addition to Stefani, Ora has drawn great inspiration stylistically from Marilyn Monroe and Daphne Guinness through fashionable trends in both vintage clothing and retro wear.

Discography

Singles

— —

+ List of singles, with selected chart positions

scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"

Title

Year

Peak chart positions

Album

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"

! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"

"How We Do (Party)"

—

—

|

—

—

rowspan="2">''TBA''

scope="row"

"R.I.P." (featuring Tinie Tempah)

—

—

|

—

—

As featured artist

— 11

scope="col" rowspan="2"	Title	Year	Peak chart positions					Album
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"	! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"		! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"	! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"	! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"
"Where's Your Love" (Craig David featuring Tinchy Stryder and Rita Ora)	2008	58	—	|	—	—	''Greatest Hits (Craig David album)	Greatest Hits''
scope="row"	"Hot Right Now"(DJ Fresh featuring Rita Ora)	2012	1	46	|	17	27	''TBA''

Guest appearances

+ List of non-single songs with guest appearances by Rita Ora	Title	Year	Album	Artist
"Awkward"	2007		Craig David

Music videos

+ List of featured music videos, showing year released and director	! Title	! Year	! Director(s)	! Ref.
		Steve Kemsley
		Emil Nava
	Marc Klasfeld

Cameo appearances

+ List of cameo appearances in music videos	Title	Year	Director(s)	Ref.
align="center"| "Over" (Drake)

Filmography

Film
! Year	! Film	! Role	! Notes
2004	rowspan="1"	Rosanna	First acting role
Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
2009	''Eurovision: Your Country Needs You''	Contestant	Contestant for the honor of representing the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009

Notes and references

Notes:

{| style="margin-left:13px; line-height:150%; font-size:100%;" |align="right" valign="top"|a. | |}

References:

External links

Information

Category:1990 births Category:Living people R Category:Mezzo-sopranos Category:British female singers Category:British film actors Category:British people of Kosovar descent Category:Kosovar Albanians Category:Kosovar people of Albanian descent Category:Kosovar singers Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom Category:People from Pristina Category:People from London

bg:Рита Ора de:Rita Ora es:Rita Ora fr:Rita Ora it:Rita Ora pt:Rita Ora sq:Rita Ora sv:Rita Ora

name	Skylar Grey
background	solo_singer
birth name	Holly Brook Hafermann
alias	Holly Brook
birth date	February 23, 1986
origin	Mazomanie, Wisconsin,
instrument	Vocals, piano, guitar
genre	Pop, soul, folk rock, rock, hip hop
occupation	Singer, songwriter, record producer
years active	2004–present
label	KIDinaKORNER, Interscope, Machine Shop
website	}}

Holly Brook Hafermann (born February 23, 1986) better known by her stage name Skylar Grey, is an five-time Grammy-nominated American multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Grey was signed to Machine Shop Recordings under the name Holly Brook. She released her debut album as Holly Brook, ''Like Blood Like Honey'', in 2006. She co-wrote the three versions of "Love the Way You Lie" with Alex da Kid, who signed her to his Wonderland Music label. She was featured as a guest vocalist on Fort Minor's "Where'd You Go" and "Be Somebody", Diddy-Dirty Money's "Coming Home", Dr. Dre's "I Need a Doctor", Lupe Fiasco's "Words I Never Said" and Kaskade's "Room for Happiness". Grey, along with MGK, performed the latter's hit single "Invincible" at WrestleMania XXVIII in Miami, Florida.

Life and career

2001–2010: Early life and career beginnings

Grey performed professionally as a child in a folk duo with her mother called Generations. Together, (with producer/engineer Randy Green) they independently produced three albums, ''Dream Maker'', ''Lift Me'', and ''Millennial Child/Waiting For You''. Grey started her first band at the age of fifteen after 'sneaking' into bars, working with jazz musicians including Jeff Eckles, Tim Whalen and Leo Sidran in Madison, Wisconsin.

In 2003, Grey moved to Los Angeles and recorded a demo as Holly Brook, which would be her stage name for several years. This demo led to her being signed in the fall of 2004 by Linkin Park guitarist Brad Delson to the band's vanity label, Machine Shop Recordings; she was 18 years old. Her voice is featured on the Fort Minor songs "Where'd You Go" and "Be Somebody". Working with producer Jonathan Ingoldsby, Brook released her debut album, ''Like Blood Like Honey'', on June 6, 2006. She landed opening spots for tours with Jamie Cullum, KD Lang, Daniel Powter, Teddy Geiger and Duncan Sheik.

In 2010, Brook lent both her song "It's Raining Again" and her image to a promotional campaign for Ciao Water. Prior to this, she has appeared on albums by other artists, including Brie Larson's ''Finally Out of P.E.'', and Fort Minor's ''The Rising Tied''. Brook has toured with as part of Duncan Sheik's band, and appears heavily on his 2009 album ''Whisper House''. At the beginning in 2010 she also performed in the theatrical version of "Whisper House," playing one of the two lead ghost vocalists along with David Poe. Also in 2010, she self-released the seven-song ''O’Dark:Thirty EP'', produced by Duncan Sheik and Jon Ingoldsby. In 2009, Brook appeared as a backing vocalist on Eurovision contestant, Yohanna's debut album, ''Butterflies and Elvis''.

2011: ''Invinsible''

Brook later changed her name to Skylar Grey. She explained that “it represents the unknowns in life. People seem to be afraid of the unknowns, but I’m the complete opposite. I dive into the unknown because I feel like that’s where all your possibilities come from.” She explained to Beatweek that she chose "grey" with an e rather than an a because “I like to do things the original way" and because "it’s more masculine. I’m not a very feminine person."

She was still living in Oregon and had no recognition as Skylar Grey. Grey went to New York to meet her publisher, Jennifer Blakeman, who played Grey the song "Airplanes" by B.O.B and Hayley Williams and produced by Alex da Kid; Grey liked what she heard so Blakeman introduced her and Alex da Kid via e-mail. Alex da Kid sent Grey a few tracks he had been working on and the first song she wrote was "Love The Way You Lie".

Alex da Kid signed her to a production deal on his KIDinaKORNER imprint. She wrote the hook to all three versions of "Love the Way You Lie" by rapper Eminem and Rihanna as well as all of the lyrics and melody to versions II and III of the song. She can be heard performing the demo for all versions of the song. Grey earned a Grammy nomination for Song of the Year for her writing contributions to "Love the Way You Lie". She also co-wrote Diddy-Dirty Money's "Coming Home", along with "Castle Walls" by T.I. and Christina Aguilera. On March 10, 2011, Diddy-Dirty Money performed the single "Coming Home" with Grey and Dirty Money vocalists, Dawn Richard and Kalenna Harper, live on ''American Idol''.

She is also a writer and featured guest on "I Need a Doctor". Grey is also featured on Lupe Fiasco's third studio album ''Lasers'', on the second single, "Words I Never Said" and was also featured in the live performance of the song, with Lupe, on ''The Colbert Report'' on May 9, 2011. Grey made her live performance debut under her new alias during the 53rd Grammy Awards, performing "I Need a Doctor" alongside Eminem and Dr. Dre. She is currently working on her solo studio album ''Invinsible'' with Alex Da Kid. She has signed to Interscope Records through Da Kid's KIDinaKORNER, and her first promotional buzz single "Dance Without You" was released on June 6, 2011, with the official music video being released on July 5. The first official single "Invisible" was released to radio on June 16. On July 9, 2011, Grey performed live at the World Peace Event in Washington, DC, appearing along with the 14th Dalai Lama. On 6 August, she performed at the 20th Lollapalooza festival as both a solo artist and with Eminem during the song "I Need A Doctor". The next day, while passing by the area where YouTube sensation Karmin was recording their cover of "I Need A Doctor," Grey joined the duo for an impromptu performance. She performed alongside rapper Eli Porter on the September 20, 2011 episode of ''Tosh.0''.

Grey also featured on Kaskade's 2011 album ''Fire & Ice'', writing and singing on two versions of the song "Room for Happiness", which became the album's third single.

It was also reported that Grey would be contributing to The Band Perry's sophomore album, which is set to be released in 2012.

Influences

Grey has listed Joni Mitchell, Marilyn Manson, Bob Dylan, Neil Young, Sarah McLachlan and Death Cab for Cutie as her influences.

Discography

''Like Blood Like Honey'' (2006)

''Invinsible'' (2012)

;EP

''Holly Brook EP'' (2005)

''Sony CONNECT Sets'' (2005)

''O'Dark:Thirty EP'' (2010)

''The Buried Sessions of Skylar Grey'' (2012)

References

External links

Category:1986 births Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American female singers Category:American pop pianists Category:American female guitarists Category:Living people Category:People from Dane County, Wisconsin Category:Songwriters from Wisconsin

ar:سكايلر غري da:Skylar Grey de:Skylar Grey fr:Skylar Grey it:Skylar Grey he:סקיילר גריי nl:Skylar Grey no:Holly Brook pl:Skylar Grey pt:Skylar Grey ru:Скайлар Грей simple:Skylar Grey zh-yue:Holly Brook

name	Amber Rose
sex	Female
birth name	Amber Levonchuck
birth date	October 21, 1983
birth place	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
height
haircolor	Natural brunette (dyed blonde with buzz cut)
eyecolor	Brown
weight
shoesize	7
spouse	Cameron Jibril Thomaz (engaged, March 2012)
agency	Creative Artists Agency }}

Amber Rose (born Amber Levonchuck; October 21, 1983) is an American model, artist, actress, and socialite. She is engaged to rapper Wiz Khalifa. Rose posed for a Louis Vuitton print advertisement featuring Lamon Coleman's new line of sneakers.

Biography

In September 2009, Rose announced plans to launch her own line of eye wear. She walked the runway at New York Fashion Week for "Celestino".

Levonchuck has also made cameos in music videos such as Ludacris' "What Them Girls Like", Young Jeezy's "Vacation", Mary Mary's "God in Me", Nicki Minaj's "Massive Attack", Fabolous' "You Be Killin' Em" and Wiz Khalifa's "No Sleep".

In 2010 she appeared in Russell Simmons' reality show about his two assistants, "Running Russell Simmons". She also starred in a PSA by NOH8 Campaign. In 2011, Amber Rose was a guest judge on Season 3 of ''RuPaul's Drag Race''. She was also a judge on Season 2 of ''Master of the Mix''.

In November 2011 she became the spokesperson for Smirnoff and appeared in a TV ad and billboards for the company's new flavors Whipped Cream and Fluffed Marshmallow.

Levonchuck released her debut single, “Fame”, which features Wiz Khalifa, in January 10, 2012, followed by a second single, titled "Loaded", was released on February 6, 2012.

In March 2012, Lovenchuck's fiancé Wiz Khalifa purchased a 2.8 private wooded acres with a 3,891-square-foot residence in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, where they currently reside. The residence includes 5-bedroom, 4-bath eco-friendly, Brazilian Koa floors, stainless steel appliances, a separate guest house, and a lavish master suite with high ceilings.

References

External links

Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:American female models

de:Amber Rose hr:Amber Rose ja:アンバー・ローズ pt:Amber Rose ru:Роуз, Эмбер fi:Amber Rose